Camelid Diagnostic Plans and Panels
The following diagnostic plans have been developed primarily as an educational tool to assist the veterinarian in designing a complete, although not exhaustive, diagnostic strategy. To encourage veterinarians to select only the tests that are deemed clinically appropriate in each situation, the price of the diagnostic plan is not discounted from the sum of the individual test costs.
For the test groupings labeled as panels, there may be a discounted price versus the costs of the individual tests. Diagnostic plans and panels can be requested by writing the complete name as the test request. If appropriate samples are included all tests will be performed.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities for culture isolates are available upon request at an additional charge.
Camelid Abortion Fetal Tissue Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| (3) Aerobic Bacterial Culture Listeria included | AER |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 1 | BVDSN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 2 | BVDSN2 |
|
| (2) Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio) FA | CAMPYFA |
|
| Campylobacter jejuni Culture | CAMPYJ |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Equine Herpesvirus-1 PCR | EHV1PCR |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Leptospira PCR | LEPTPCR |
|
| Toxoplasma MAT | TMAT |
|
| Toxoplasmosis FA | TOXFA |
|
Notes
If placentitis present, add Coxiella burnetii PCR (COXPCR) to placenta (abomasal contents or lung if placenta not available).
If indicated, add Selenium on fetal liver.
If indicated, add Virus Isolation (VI) on fresh tissue: lung, placenta, abomasal contents, kidney, liver, heart, adrenal, skin.
Ship fresh tissue chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing. If full necropsy desired, see Necropsy Testing.
Camelid Abortion Serology Panel + Selenium
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Brucella Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen Test | BAPA |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 1 | BVDSN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 2 | BVDSN2 |
|
| Equine Herpesvirus-1 (Rhinopneumonitis) SN | EHV1SN |
|
| Equine Rhinovirus-1 (ER-A) (Equine Rhinitis A Virus) SN | ERAVSN |
|
| Leptospira MAT, 5 standard serovars | LEPTO |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Toxoplasma MAT | TMAT |
|
Notes
Ship Chilled. When acute samples are received, the serologic assays will be run at that time, and samples retained. If second, convalescent samples are later submitted, please note the accession number for the acute serology. Tests on both samples will be run in parallel and paired results should be interpreted. No fee will be applied to the second test performed on the acute sample at the time of the paired testing.
Camelid Chronic Ill Thrift / Weight Loss Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Haemonchus Egg Test | HEGG |
|
| Hemogram, Routine | LA CBC |
|
| Johne's AGID | JAGID |
|
| Johne's Individual Culture | JCI (NY state residency) JCO (out-of-state residency) |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry | LA P |
|
| Non-Esterified Fatty Acid | NEFA |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Triglycerides | TRIG |
|
| Vitamin E in serum | NDIK |
|
Notes
Please note that additional referral diagnostics to consider with this plan may include Vitamin D 25-hyd and Mycoplasma haemolama PCR. These referral diagnostics must be sent directly to their respective diagnostic testing laboratory for out of state submissions and those cases that are not under NY state contract. Visit our referral testing web page for referral lab contact information. Please contact the AHDC Veterinary Support Services team with any questions (vetsupport@cornell.edu, 607.253.3900).
Camelid Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Coronavirus PCR, Beta | BCOR |
|
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Johne's AGID | JAGID |
|
| Johne's Individual Culture | JCI (NY state residency) JCO (out-of-state residency) |
|
| Salmonella culture | SALM |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
Notes
Ship chilled, except for ParaPak® which should be kept at room temperature. ParaPak® transport media is available.
Camelid Liver Panel (Large Animal Liver Panel + NEFA)
Panel Code: CAMELID LIVER
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| A/G Ratio |
| |
| Albumin | ALB |
|
| Aspartate Aminotransferase | AST |
|
| Bilirubin Panel (total, direct, indirect) | BILIP |
|
| Creatine kinase | CK |
|
| Gamma Glutamyl Transferase | GGT |
|
| Globulin |
| |
| Glutamate Dehydrogenase, blood | GLDH |
|
| Non-Esterified Fatty Acid | NEFA |
|
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase, blood | SDH |
|
| Total Protein, blood | TP |
|
| Triglycerides | TRIG |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Camelid Neonatal Diarrhea Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER | To Diagnose Septicemia
|
Anaerobic Bacterial Culture Clostridium perfringens Genotype PCR |
| |
| Fecal Flotation (if >3 days of age) | FLOAT |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Rotavirus Antigen Detection, Group A | RLA |
|
| Salmonella culture | SALM |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
Notes
Ship chilled, except for ParaPak® which should be kept at room temperature. ParaPak® transport media is available.
Camelid Neurologic Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology | CSFE |
|
| Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Plaque Reduction SN | EEEPRSN |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Lead, blood | BDLEAD |
|
| Lead, tissue | NCOX |
|
| Listeria Culture | LISTCUL |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Virus Isolation | VI |
|
| West Nile Virus Eastern Encephalitis Virus PCR Panel | WNVEEEPCRP |
|
| West Nile Virus Plaque Reduction SN | WNVPRSN |
|
Notes
May also want to consider Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology which requires CSF in EDTA tube (LTT) and (2) air dried slides of CSF. Protect slides from formalin exposure. If whole head is submitted a rabies brain extraction fee will be applied. Please submit completed NYS rabies specimen history form and write out clear instructions on what additional diagnostic tests should be performed.
For Lead, please choose either the blood- or tissue-based test.
Ship chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing. Please indicate if rabies testing is pending.
See Tissues for Rabies Diagnosis for photos of brain samples needed for rabies testing.
Camelid Respiratory (Acute) Diagnostic Plan
Testing for evidence of lungworms, Fecal Float may be warranted depending on season. Also selenium on an EDTA whole blood sample or liver and vitamin E on a serum sample (separated) may be appropriate in some situations. Limited serology testing is available but paired acute and convalescent serum samples for BRSV SN may be warranted in acute disease episodes.
Ante mortem
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Anaerobic Bacterial Culture | ANAER |
|
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus PCR | BRS |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Coronavirus PCR, Beta | BCOR |
|
| Fecal Flotation | FLOAT |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal | LA CBC |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Tracheal Wash Cytology | TWE |
|
Necropsy
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Anaerobic Bacterial Culture | ANAER |
|
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus PCR | BRS |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Coronavirus PCR, Beta | BCOR |
|
| Fecal Flotation | FLOAT |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
Notes
If indicated, add Virus Isolation (VI) on Fresh tissue.
Ship chilled except for slides which should be kept at room temperature. Ship fresh tissue chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
TTW fluid is a superior sample for detection of significant bacterial pathogens causing lower airway disease. Results of nasal or pharyngeal swab cultures must be interpreted with caution as many bacterial organisms may be present as normal commensals in the upper respiratory tract.
It may be helpful to collect and bank a serum sample for possible acute and convalescent serology.
Coagulation Panel, Large Animal
Panel Code: COAGPL
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen | FIB |
|
| Prothrombin Time | PT |
|
| aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) | APTT |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Dermatology Diagnostic Plan
All skin biopsy submissions should be accompanied by a Dermatohistopathology Submission Form.
Deep lesion
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Fungal Culture | FUNGCM |
|
| Fungal KOH Fluorescent Stain | FUNGKOH |
|
| Gram Stain | GRAM |
|
| Histopathology (biopsy) | HISTO |
|
Superficial lesion
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fungal Culture | FUNGCM |
|
| Fungal KOH Fluorescent Stain | FUNGKOH |
|
| Gram Stain | GRAM |
|
| Histopathology (biopsy) | HISTO |
|
| Skin Scraping | SSE |
|
Notes
Deep lesion samples: Ship chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
Superficial lesion samples: Ship at room temperature and protect from temperature extremes. Protect slides from formalin exposure.
Camelid Fever of Unknown Origin Diagnostic Plan
If case is chronic, virus isolation can be omitted if desired. If not previously performed a large animal chemistry panel may be warranted and serum (separated) or heparinized plasma would need to be submitted.
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| (3) Blood Culture, Aerobic | BLDAER |
|
| (3) Blood Culture, Anaerobic | BLDAN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal examination for blood parasites included | LA CBC |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry Panel | LA P |
|
| Virus Isolation nasal, whole blood | VI |
|
Notes
Ship chilled except for blood culture bottles and slides which are shipped at room temperature. See Blood Culture Technique for more information.
To order blood culture bottles go to shipping services or call 607.253.3935. It may be helpful to collect and bank a serum sample for possible acute and convalescent serology.
Large Animal Basic Workup
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal | LA CBC |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry | LA P |
|
| Triglycerides, Blood | TRIG |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Large Animal Renal Panel
Plan Code: LARGE RENAL
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Albumin | ALB |
|
| Anion Gap |
| |
| Calcium | CA |
|
| Chloride | CL |
|
| Creatinine | CREAT |
|
| Phosphate (Phosphorus) | P |
|
| Potassium | K |
|
| Sodium | NA |
|
| Urea Nitrogen | BUN |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Small Ruminant/Camelid Pinkeye Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic bacterial culture | AER |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.