Caprine Diagnostic Plans and Panels
The following diagnostic plans have been developed primarily as an educational tool to assist the veterinarian in designing a complete, although not exhaustive, diagnostic strategy. To encourage veterinarians to select only the tests that are deemed clinically appropriate in each situation, the price of the diagnostic plan is not discounted from the sum of the individual test costs.
For the test groupings labeled as panels, there may be a discounted price versus the costs of the individual tests. Diagnostic plans and panels can be requested by writing the complete name as the test request. If appropriate samples are included all tests will be performed.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities for culture isolates are available upon request at an additional charge.
Caprine Abortion Fetal Tissue Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| (3) Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 1 | BVDSN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 2 | BVDSN2 |
|
| (2) Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio) FA | CAMPYFA |
|
| Campylobacter jejuni Culture | CAMPYJ |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Cache Valley Fever SN | CVFSN |
|
Herpesvirus PCR **This is a multispecies herpesvirus PCR | VPCR |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| (2) Leptospira PCR | LEPTPCR |
|
| Neospora IFA | NEO |
|
| Toxoplasma gondii MAT | TMAT |
|
| Toxoplasmosis FA | TOXFA |
|
Notes
If full necropsy desired, see necropsy testing.
Ship fresh tissue chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
If placentitis present, add Coxiella burnetii PCR (COXPCR) to placenta (abomasal contents or lung if placenta not available).
If indicated, add Border Disease SN (OBDVSN) to heart blood (serum), peritoneal, pleural or pericardial fluid in sterile red top tube.
If indicated, add Selenium on fetal liver.
If indicated, add Virus Isolation (VI) on fresh tissue: lung, placenta including cotyledons, abomasal contents, kidney, liver, heart, adrenal, skin.
Caprine Abortion Serology Panel + Selenium
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Brucella Card Agglutination | BCD |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 1 | BVDSN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 2 | BVDSN2 |
|
| Cache Valley SN | CVFSN |
|
| Caprine Herpesvirus SN | CAHVSN |
|
| Chlamydophila CF | CHCF |
|
| Leptospira MAT, 5 standard serovars | LEPTO |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Toxoplasma gondii MAT | TMAT |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
When acute samples are received, the serologic assays will be run at that time, and samples retained. If second, convalescent samples are later submitted, please note the accession number for the acute serology. Tests on both samples will be run in parallel and paired results should be interpreted. No fee will be applied to the second test performed on the acute sample at the time of the paired testing.
Caprine Adult Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
Anaerobic Bacterial Culture, Clostridium perfringens Genotype PCR |
| |
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Johne's AGID | JAGID |
|
| Johne's Fecal PCR, Caprine | JGPCR |
|
| Salmonella culture | SALM |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
Notes
Ship chilled, except for ParaPak® which should be kept at room temperature.
Caprine Neonatal Diarrhea Plan
Ante mortem
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
Anaerobic Bacterial Culture, Clostridium perfringens Genotype PCR
|
| |
| Fecal Float (if >3 days of age) | FLOAT |
|
| Rotavirus Antigen Detection Grp A | RLA |
|
| Salmonella Culture | SALM |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
Necropsy
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
Anaerobic Bacterial Culture, Clostridium perfringens Genotype PCR
|
| |
| Fecal Float (if >3 days of age) | FLOAT |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Rotavirus FA | ROTAFA |
|
| Salmonella Culture | SALM |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
Notes
Ante mortem: Ship chilled except for slides which should be kept at room temperature.
Necropsy: Ship fresh tissue and swab chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
Caprine Neurologic Diagnostic Plan
Please strongly consider rabies testing at your state health department.
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology | CSFE |
|
| Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Plaque Reduction SN | EEEPRSN |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Lead (blood) | BDLEAD |
|
| Lead (tissue) | NCOX |
|
| Listeria Culture | LISTCUL |
|
| Mineral/Electrolytes Panel | MINLY P |
|
| Mineral Panel (Tissue) | MINP |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| West Nile Virus Eastern Encephalitis Virus PCR Panel | WNVEEEPCRP |
|
| West Nile Virus Plaque Reduction SN | WNVPRSN |
|
Notes
Ship chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing. Please indicate if rabies testing is pending.
Consider mosquito-borne virus testing based on compatible clinical signs, season, and geographic location.
Note that EEE is not reliably detected in EDTA whole blood (CSF and brain tissue are preferred), however EEE PCR is warranted on EDTA whole blood if other preferred samples are not available.
See Tissues for Rabies Diagnosis for photos of brain samples needed for rabies testing.
May also want to consider Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology which requires CSF in EDTA tube (LTT) and (2) air dried slides of CSF. Protect slides from formalin exposure.
If whole head is submitted a rabies brain extraction fee will be applied. Please submit completed NYS rabies specimen history form and write out clear instructions on what additional diagnostic tests should be performed.
Coagulation Panel, Large Animal
Panel Code: COAGPL
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen | FIB |
|
| Prothrombin Time | PT |
|
| aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) | APTT |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Dermatology Diagnostic Plan
All skin biopsy submissions should be accompanied by a Dermatohistopathology Submission Form.
Deep lesion
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Fungal Culture | FUNGCM |
|
| Fungal KOH Fluorescent Stain | FUNGKOH |
|
| Gram Stain | GRAM |
|
| Histopathology (biopsy) | HISTO |
|
Superficial lesion
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fungal Culture | FUNGCM |
|
| Fungal KOH Fluorescent Stain | FUNGKOH |
|
| Gram Stain | GRAM |
|
| Histopathology (biopsy) | HISTO |
|
| Skin Scraping | SSE |
|
Notes
Deep lesion samples: Ship chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
Superficial lesion samples: Ship at room temperature and protect from temperature extremes. Protect slides from formalin exposure.
Caprine Fever of Unknown Origin Diagnostic Plan
If case is chronic, virus isolation can be omitted if desired. If not previously performed a large animal chemistry panel may be warranted and serum (separated) or heparinized plasma would need to be submitted.
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| (3) Blood Culture, Aerobic | BLDAER |
|
| (3) Blood Culture, Anaerobic | BLDAN |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal examination for blood parasites included | LA CBC |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry Panel | LA P |
|
| Virus Isolation nasal, whole blood | VI |
|
Notes
Ship chilled except for blood culture bottles and slides which are shipped at room temperature.
See Blood Culture Technique for more information. To order blood culture bottles go to shipping services or call 607.253.3935.
It may be helpful to collect and bank a serum sample for possible acute and convalescent serology.
This diagnostic plan is designed to detect a broad spectrum of systemic bacterial, viral, and some blood parasite causes of acute fever of unknown origin, as well as certain inflammatory changes which may assist in determining the underlying problems. Viral causes of illness are best detected acutely and most are unlikely to be detected in a patient with a chronic fever of unknown origin. This plan is intended to be used as an adjunct to targeted, disease-specific testing appropriate to the species, clinical history and geographic location or conditions. See Small Animal Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, 2014, Nelson RW and Couto CG; Chapter 88: Fever of Unknown Origin, pages 1279-1282 for other ideas of testing.
Large Animal Basic Workup
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal | LA CBC |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry | LA P |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Large Animal Renal Panel
Plan Code: LARGE RENAL
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Albumin | ALB |
|
| Anion Gap |
| |
| Calcium | CA |
|
| Chloride | CL |
|
| Creatinine | CREAT |
|
| Phosphate (Phosphorus) | P |
|
| Potassium | K |
|
| Sodium | NA |
|
| Urea Nitrogen | BUN |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Ruminant Liver Panel
Plan Code: RUMI LIVER
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| A/G Ratio |
| |
| Albumin | ALB |
|
| Aspartate Aminotransferase | AST |
|
| Bilirubin Panel (total, direct, indirect) | BILIP |
|
| Creatine kinase | CK |
|
| Gamma Glutamyl Transferase | GGT |
|
| Globulin |
| |
| Glutamate Dehydrogenase, blood | GLDH |
|
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase, blood | SDH |
|
| Total Protein with Albumin and Globulins |
| |
| Triglycerides | TRIG |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Caprine Respiratory (Acute) Diagnostic Plan
Ante-mortem
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Anaerobic Bacterial Culture | ANAER |
|
| Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus PCR | PI3 |
|
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus PCR | BRS |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal | LA CBC |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Small Ruminant Lentivirus cELISA | SRLEL |
|
| Tracheal Wash Cytology | TWE |
|
Necropsy
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER | To Diagnose Septicemia
|
| Anaerobic Bacterial Culture | ANAER |
|
| Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus PCR | PI3 |
|
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus PCR | BRS |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Fecal Flotation | FLOAT |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
Notes
Limited serology testing is available but paired acute and convalescent serum samples for BRSV SN may be warranted in acute disease episodes.
Ante mortem: Ship chilled except for slides which should be kept at room temperature.
Necropsy: Ship fresh tissue and swab chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
TTW fluid is a superior sample for detection of significant bacterial pathogens causing lower airway disease. Results of nasal or pharyngeal swab cultures must be interpreted with caution as many bacterial organisms may be present as normal commensals in the upper respiratory tract.
If indicated, add Virus Isolation (VI) on fresh tissue, particularly for the detection of caprine adenovirus.
It may be helpful to collect and bank a serum sample for possible acute and convalescent serology.
Caprine Chronic Ill Thrift/Weight Loss Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Haemonchus Egg Test | HEGG |
|
| Hemogram, Large Animal | LA CBC |
|
| Johne's AGID | JAGID |
|
| Johne's Fecal PCR, Caprine | JGPCR |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry | LA P |
|
| Ref: Caseous lymphadenitis | RCASE |
|
| Selenium, tissue | NCRJ |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Small Ruminant Lentivirus cELISA | SRLEL |
|
| Vitamin E in serum | NDIK |
|
Small Ruminant/Camelid Pinkeye Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Chlamydia PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.