Diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in equine veterinary medicine. The limited reparative capabilities of the central nervous system (CNS) following injury often results in permanent loss of function despite aggressive medical and surgical therapies. Recent work in other species, including man, suggests that regenerative modalities such as stem cell therapy can mitigate neuronal injury, improve functional outcome, and offer hope for classically incurable neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders.